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Bud Abbott Rained Terror on the Tirpitz

Bud Abbott was just twenty-three years old when he strapped himself into his cockpit, took off from the deck of an aircraft carrier, and headed into aerial combat for the very first time. His target: the Tirpitz, one of the deadliest German battleships ever built.

Boyish young man with short fair hair, wearing a sailor's tunic with a striped collar.

(Bud Abbott passed away in Cranbrook, British Columbia on January 30, 2019, just four days after his ninety-eighth birthday. Rest in Peace, Bud Abbott.)

This post is based on a personal interview with Bud Abbott at his home in December 2015, plus a newspaper article written for The Cranbrook Townsman by freelance writer Ferdy Belland of Cranbrook, B.C.

* * * * *

Bud’s Early Life

Philip “Bud” Abbott of Cranbrook,  B.C. was born on January 26, 1921 in Southend-on-Sea, forty miles east of London. His father was a policeman, and he had four siblings.

In the early days of World War Two, Bud worked as an insurance clerk, commuting to London each day on the steam train. He joined the Royal Navy in 1941, at the age of twenty.

“My first choice was the navy,” he said. “I thought if I wasn’t accepted into the navy that I would try the Royal Air Force. I managed to end up in the Royal Naval Air Service, also known as the Fleet Air Arm. I thought it was an ideal combination, to be in the navy and to be flying!”

Bud is pictured here, standing in the back row at the far right.

Three rows of men, the first row seated with their arms folded, nineteen in total, all wearing naval uniforms with peaked caps.

Not only Bud, but all four of his siblings also served. Bill joined the British Army (and lost his leg at Caen, France), Margaret was in the Women’s Army Corps, Gwen in the Land Army, and Don was also in the Royal Navy. Here’s a photo of four of them, missing only Gwen.

Four young people in uniform, all siblings. The back row has two men standing, both in British Navy uniforms, and the front row has two people seated, a young man and a young woman, both in British Army uniforms.

* * * * *

Bud Goes To War in a Stringbag

Bud was stationed in northern Scotland, where the Home Fleet of the British Navy was based, flying anti-submarine patrols.

“I mostly flew the Swordfish, an old-school biplane, fixed undercart, no hood, no canopy, open air, no radio. Quite a neat, light little plane. We called them “Stringbags,” since the critics said they were tied together with haywire.”

There were three men in a Swordfish — the pilot, the observer-navigator, and the radio operator-tail gunner. (For more on this aircraft, Bud recommends the book To War in a Stringbag.)

The main British naval base in Scotland was Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands. “The entire Home Fleet would gather there in comparative safety,” he said. “I flew off several aircraft carriers: the Illustrious, the Indomitable, the Victorious, the Furious, and others.”

The tricky part of their training was learning how to take off and land on the deck of an aircraft carrier. Both the speed of the carrier and the speed of the wind were crucial factors. As Bud explained: “You need a certain speed to get airborne. With the ship steaming at twenty knots into a surface wind of twenty knots, providing forty knots over the deck, in a Swordfish you only needed another ten knots to get airborne.”

He went on to fly a Fairey Albacore, considered relatively luxurious because it has a sliding canopy so the three-man crew was inside, out of the weather. Later he progressed to the Fairey Barracuda. “Our planes were called TBR: Torpedo-Bomber-Reconnaissance. But reconnaissance was our principal duty.”

From Bud’s collection, here are two photos. This one shows a number of Fairey Albacores jammed onto the deck of an aircraft carrier.

Photograph shows a cluster of small aircraft, lined up in rows on the deck of an aircraft carrier, two large guns in the foreground.

Here is a row of Supermarine Seafires lined up and ready for takeoff. It’s a chilling thought, the concept of flying your aircraft off the deck over the cruel sea below!

Photo showing deck of aircraft carrier with four small aircraft lined up in preparation for taking off, men milling around, and another six aircraft in the sky overhead.

* * * * *

Searching for Subs

Bud was assigned to convoy work in the North Sea and the Atlantic. His squadron kept watch for submarines that were lurking underwater, often inflicting fatal wounds on the merchant ships. For weeks at a time, he lived aboard huge aircraft carriers, each accommodating thousands of men. “We’d sail half-way across the Atlantic and back again.”

His squadron protected the convoys that came from North America over Iceland to Britain, and into the Russian ports, mainly Murmansk and Archangel, where their supplies were desperately needed.

In spite of his constant patrols, Bud never dropped any depth charges on submarines. “The U-Boats were generally very wary and stayed down and deep, out of sight. They were wise enough not to show themselves.” As a consequence, they could not see their target and were unable to fire their torpedoes.

This photo shows the tiny aircraft hovering over the carrier.

Photo taken from an aircraft flying above shows the size of the mighty aircraft carrier churning through the ocean, and a tiny aircraft looking like a bird hovering above it.

Here’s another shot of an aircraft and a carrier ship.

Photo taken from an aircraft flying above shows the size of the mighty aircraft carrier churning through the ocean, and a tiny aircraft hovering above it.

* * * * *

A Wing and a Prayer

Bud did have his share of close calls, and he remembers one of them. In 1944 he was stationed on the northern coast of Scotland, one of the few level patches in that mountainous terrain.

Ordered to practise target bombing at night, Bud flew his Barracuda ME 149 fifty miles up the coast where a floating target was anchored. After dropping his bombs, he headed for home, flying low over the water to test out the plane’s new radio altimeter, which measures altitude.

“Obviously the altimeter wasn’t accurate — there was an ominous crunch as we hit the water and bounced back out again! The plane, hovering just above the water, enjoyed the experience and was determined to go back in again. I, of course, had other ideas!

“There were real problems: the plane had become nose-heavy, and the throttle friction nut was so loose that the throttle snapped shut. Big panic! To keep the plane in the air, I had to hold the throttle wide open, tighten the friction nut, pull back hard on the control column, and trim the elevators — all at the same time! Fortunately the radio operator gathered that something was amiss and sent out a Mayday call.”

The aircraft was impossible to control and drifting dangerously close to the rocky shore. “I very gingerly steered back over the water and headed down the coast toward the airfield, keeping close to the shore in case we had to swim. It was very dark and the sea looked ominously black and cold. Over those fifty anxious miles back to base, the plane climbed bravely to 400 feet, vibrating violently, protesting all the way.

“Finally we drew level with the airfield and turned inland. They had received our Mayday call and were ready — the runway was lighted and the crash wagon standing by. Tottering barely above the stall, I made a slow half-circuit and dropped onto the runway with a huge sigh of relief. The engine did the same and promptly died. A tractor towed us into the hangar where we climbed out, patted the aircraft and headed to the bar for a quick one. We needed it!”

The following morning, Bud learned that the aircraft was a total loss. “Its belly was severely crumpled, the plastic radar bubble obliterated, the six blades of its wooden propeller were about two feet shorter, and the air intakes plugged with wood chips. Of the heavy bolts holding the engine to the frame, three had sheared off and only one was intact. No wonder the aircraft vibrated so wildly!”

* * * * *

Accidents Did Happen

Accidents were not uncommon, although Bud said nobody from his squadron was lost taking off or landing. If the aircraft didn’t get airborne on takeoff, the crew would have to ditch in the drink and be picked up by an escorting destroyer.

Here’s a photo of a Seafire landing badly and going overboard. You can see the head of the pilot still in his cockpit!

Photograph of small aircraft tilting sideways on the edge of the aircraft carrier deck with the landing wheels falling right off one side of the ship, the pilot still seated in the cockpit.

This damaged Seafire is being dumped overboard after a bad landing, as there was no point in storing it.

Photograph shows a small aircraft, badly damaged, being lowered into the sea by means of a heavy cable.

* * * * *

The Tirpitz Attacked!

The most famous, and the most frightening, incident in Bud’s flying career took place on April 3, 1944 when he was ordered to bomb the Tirpitz.

The target of the attack by four Royal Navy squadrons, including Bud’s squadron RN 827, was what British officers bitterly referred to as “the Iron Whore.”

The Tirpitz was the largest battleship ever built by a European navy, the sister ship of the dreaded Bismarck. Since the destruction of the Bismarck in 1941, the Tirpitz had been holed up in a Norwegian fjord, seldom venturing forth to attack Allied ships, but still a great menace.

“The whole time it was anchored in Norway, it presented an enormous threat, to the point where it basically tied up the Home Fleet in Scapa Flow, watching for this damned thing to come out. And if it did come out and got into the shipping lanes, it would create enormous havoc. Quite a monster.”

The Tirpitz had been launched in 1939. The statistics are still impressive: more than 800 feet long and more than 100 feet wide, the ship displaced 53,000 tons fully loaded. The 163,000-horsepower engine made her the fastest battleship afloat. Her crew complement was more than 2,000 officers and men.

Said Bud: “I understand that the officers and crew of the Tirpitz were all just moping around there in this idiot fjord, doing nothing, and thoroughly bored. They would be anxious to get some action.”

And action they got, although the attack came as a total surprise.

The British Admiralty had initiated a secret plan called Operation Tungsten to eliminate the deadly German battleship. Four squadrons would take off from two separate carriers, and launch a surprise attack.

“I’d been stationed on the Victorious at that time, but we were temporarily switched over to the Furious. The squadrons were split between the two ships so we could take off simultaneously. I went over with the rest of my squadron to the Furious.

“The Furious was a weird ship, the oldest aircraft carrier afloat at that time. She was laid out in 1915, but she wasn’t originally designed as an aircraft carrier — she was refitted in the 1920s. The deck was very uneven.”

For this mission, Bud was flying a Fairey Barracuda. The attack took place in two separate waves. Twenty-one Barracudas flew in each wave, along with forty escort fighters — Hellcats, Wildcats, Corsairs, and Seafires.

“I was in the second wave. The first wave flew off at the break of dawn and got through to the target without any problems. They weren’t expected. They dropped their bombs and flew back to the carriers. Got through unscathed, with no casualties.”

But there was an hour’s lapse between waves. It took time to raise the next round of Barracudas to the deck, fuelled and armed. And compared with the fighters, the bombers were slow and heavy.

“Some of those fighters, especially those beautiful gull-winged Corsairs, flew off the carriers like a damned rocket. Quite impressive. While we, the underpowered heavily laden bombers, were crowded far aft on the flight deck. We had to gun the engine fully to get airborne before reaching the ship’s bow.”

Once his aircraft labored into the sky, Bud and his squadron flew low over the water to avoid detection.

“So there we were, my rear gunner Petty Office Gallimore and my navigator Sub-Lieutenant Bill Peck and I, crammed into this Barracuda. We flew in over the coast barely 50 feet above the waters to avoid German radar.

“The Tirpitz was 120 miles from our fleet and when we reached the Norwegian coastline, we all climbed steeply to about 9,000 feet altitude and flew inland over the mountains. It was a bright, clear day at the end of winter. The mountains were gleaming white with snow, and the delightful scenery was very impressive.”

But the scenery was forgotten as Bud neared his target. “We finally rounded the last turn at the far end of Kaafjord and actually saw the Tirpitz anchored in harbor,” Bud said. “There she was!”

The first wave had inflicted significant damage on the Tirpitz. Several bombs had landed on the ship’s main deck, but none of the big 600-pound armour-piercing bombs managed to breach the lower armour in the hull.

“The Germans were spitting mad, and had a good hour to prepare themselves for any follow-up attacks. We were immediately met with a heavy barrage of anti-aircraft fire, and dozens of Luftwaffe fighters raced at us out of the sun!

“Our particular squadron, I think there were nine of us, peeled off from the main flight and began our attack run. We could see the ship, but much of it was clouded in by an artificial fog, created by the shore-mounted German smokescreen generators. Down in this fjord, this deep hole if you will, it was difficult to see!

“But each Barracuda had three 600-pound bombs and we had to deliver them. So down we dove, our Barracuda shuddering through the explosions of the incoming anti-aircraft shells. It was difficult to keep aiming straight.

“Our escort fighters were dogfighting like mad with the Messerschmitts in the skies above us, and other fighters were below us, strafing the Tirpitz’s deck and attacking the anti-aircraft batteries on shore.

“We dropped our bombs, made our strike, and then banked off hard. We flew away as fast and low as we could get, racing back to the carriers. It all happened so fast.

“Our squadrons got out of the skirmish quite lightly, actually. We only lost nine airmen and four aircraft. It could have been a heck of a lot worse, but the Tirpitz’s smokescreen actually worked double-duty in our favour. The German anti-aircraft gunners couldn’t see us, and were firing blind into the sky.”

This aerial photo, taken from one of the other aircraft, shows the Tirpitz on fire.

Black and white aerial photo shows the outline of the Tirpitz on the water, far below, smoke pouring out of it in several places.

In this photo, you can see how close the Tirpitz was lying to the edge of the fjord, and the waves of smoke drifting toward it from the smoke machines.

Aerial photo shows outline of the Tirpitz far below on the water, close to the rugged coastline, fire spewing from the ship and also drifting toward the ship from the shore.

This artist’s rendition depicts a Fairey Barracuda like the one flown by Bud coming in for the kill. For more information about this print, click: Attack on the Tirpitz.

Colourful illustration of the Tirpitz battleship seen from above on the blue ocean with orange flames spurting from the ship and two small aircraft circling above.

But the operation was far from over.

“The weather suddenly became quite cloudy. It was now difficult to find our ship, and we were still over enemy territory. No one knew if the Luftwaffe would chase us down. And radio communication was absolutely forbidden.

“We were up there in the clouds, and the carrier was somewhere down underneath the clouds. Some of the pilots couldn’t find the ships, and had to ditch in the North Sea or make their way back to Norwegian shore, where they had to surrender to the rather unsympathetic German troops!”

To his great relief, Bud spotted the Furious through the clouds. But he still had to land his aircraft.

“Our approach to landing back on the carrier decks was to come in high, just above the stall, as opposed to the American method where they bore in just above the waves. The stern of the carrier would be heaving up and down in the choppy seas, as much as 30 feet of movement high and low. You ran the risk of simply crashing hard and flat into the stern of the carrier if you didn’t have your wits about you.

“We came in at half-throttle, just above the stall, and came down almost in the centre of the deck, where there was a minimum of movement, and you hoped to hell your hook would catch an arresting cable!”

Happily, Bud landed the aircraft in one piece. Operation Tungsten was deemed a success. Although the Tirpitz hadn’t been destroyed, she had been severely crippled and would be out of service for a long time. Hundreds of men were killed or wounded, including her commander Hans Meyer.

The Tirpitz never took to open seas again, and was ultimately destroyed a few months later, on November 17, 1944, by Royal Air Force bombers.

“It was a shame, really to have such a magnificent ship destroyed. It was a shame to have this sort of idiocy prevailing. The idiocy of war. It would be wonderful to see such a fine piece of naval history sitting pretty in some maritime museum.”

Like all good pilots, Bud kept his logbook.

Elderly balding man with glasses and an impish smile, wearing a red fleece vest, holds a rather tattered green journal with the title on the front reading PILOT'S FLYING LOG BOOK.

Inside, there is a record of his attack on the Tirpitz on April 3, 1944 noting “Operation Tungsten” in Bud’s handwriting.

Man's hand holding open a page filled with columns of handwriting showing dates, times, places, and airborne actions.

After that attack, Bud’s squadron returned to less dangerous duties in the United Kingdom. In July 1945, after the war in Europe had ended, they were sent out to Ceylon. “Our mission was to tackle the Kamikaze pilots,” he said. “But their planes left us way behind. Our carrier called Smiter was small and slow, and most of the time there was no wind. That was the real hazard. Fortunately Japan surrendered and saved us from almost certain disaster.”

Of his time in the navy, Bud said: “It was a good, clean life. Much better than standing in mud up to your knees in the trenches.”

* * * * *

After the War

Bud stayed in the navy and spent a year in northern Ireland, where he met his red-headed English wife Joan Goddard, who was serving in the WRENS (Women’s Royal Naval Service). After his discharge in February 1948, he returned to the insurance business in London.

The couple had two children when they decided to emigrate to Canada in 1957. Bud worked as an insurance agent in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver before moving to Cranbrook, British Columbia, in 1960. The couple had two more children before divorcing in 1965. Bud continued to work in the insurance business until his retirement.

His daughter Louise teaches social work at the local college in Cranbrook, B.C.; son Christopher is a carpenter in Boulder, Colorado; daughter Rebecca is a retired realtor in Comox, B.C.; and son Gregory operates a beauty salon in Victoria, B.C.

Bud remarried in 1977 to Linda Jean Williams, a school teacher who became a great favourite with Bud’s family in Canada and abroad. Sadly, Linda died a few years ago and Bud is now a widower. He still drives his own car and lives alone in his own home. He’s a well-known figure in the community, as a former insurance agent, an amateur actor and a respected veteran.

“I’ve been here 55 years and I like it so much that I’m thinking of staying!” he told me.

Bud drove to Lotus Books (now Huckleberry Books) in Cranbrook on December 5, 2015 to visit me at a signing of my wartime novel, Bird’s Eye View.

Woman with shoulder-length brown hair and glasses, dressed in 1940s style burgundy printed dress, blue blazer and black hat, stands with her arm around a short, elderly man wearing a black jacket, both smiling at camera.

* * * * *

STAR WEEKLY AT WAR

The Star Weekly was a Canadian newsmagazine published by the Toronto Star. During the Second World War, a colour illustration with a wartime theme appeared on the cover each week. Here’s an image entitled “RAF Downs Troop Carriers.” See my entire collection of covers here: Star Weekly At War.

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